Cells need translation to stay alive, and understanding how it works (so we can shut it down with antibiotics) can save us from bacterial infections. Let's take a closer look at how translation happens, …

To see how cells make proteins, let's divide translation into three stages: initiation (starting off), elongation (adding on to the protein chain), and termination (finishing up).

Translation is the process whereby mRNA is converted into proteins by ribosomes. Translation occurs in ribosomes, which are cellular structures made of proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Here, mRNA …

Also, in eukaryotes, RNA molecules need to go through special processing steps before translation. That means translation can't start until transcription and RNA processing are fully finished. You can …

Understand how the genetic code directs translation from mRNA to protein. Explore the central dogma of gene expression and the role of ribosomes in building polypeptides.

Here, we will briefly see how these steps happen in bacteria. You can learn more about the details of each stage (and about how eukaryotic transcription is different) in the stages of transcription article.

To see how cells make proteins, let's divide translation into three stages: initiation (starting off), elongation (adding on to the protein chain), and termination (finishing up).

How does the DNA sequence of a gene specify a particular protein? Many genes provide instructions for building polypeptides. How, exactly, does DNA direct the construction of a polypeptide? This process …

Without the action of this machinery, the Spliceosome, the Ribosome could not make the correct protein from the mRNA, since there would be additional code in the strand messing with the translation into …

During translation, the two subunits come together around a mRNA molecule, forming a complete ribosome. The ribosome moves forward on the mRNA, codon by codon, as it is read and translated …